Geoscience Frontiers, Corrected proof. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2016.05.001
Schematic paleogeographic map showing the hypothetical dispersal routes of vertebrates around 54 My ago. 1, Dispersal of taxa with European affinities between the Indian subcontinent and Europe across the Neotethys via the Kohistane-Ladakh island-arc system. 2A-B, Dispersal of taxa with Gondwanan affinities to the Indian subcontinent (2A) from Africa along the southern margins of the Neotethys or (2B) from Madagascar.