Primoptynx poliotauros, gen. et sp. nov., UMMP 96195, holotype, from the Willwood Formation of the northern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A., pedal phalanges in comparison with those of extant owls. Note the large ungual phalanges of the first and second toes of the fossil species. A, B, P. poliotauros, A, right and B, left feet. C, D, pedal phalanges of the right foot of C, Tyto alba (Tytonidae) and D, Bubo scandiacus (Strigidae); in C, the ungual phalanges bear the keratinous sheaths. The phalanges are numbered; the dotted lines indicate missing phalanges or parts thereof. All fossil bones were coated with ammonium chloride. Abbreviations: mtI, os metatarsale I; rdg, ridge on medial surface of ungual phalanx of third toe. Scale bars equal 5 mm.